Answered By: Vicki Sciuk
Last Updated: Jun 16, 2022     Views: 5918

If the material you are citing definitely does not have an author that you can find, you would put the title of the article or web entry or report at the beginning of the full reference, where the author normally goes.

You would also use a shortened version of the title (if the title is long) for your in-text citations.

APA Reference Example:

Title of document [such as book chapter, article, webpage]. (year). Title of where it is found [such as website, book, magazine, or journal]. http://URL 

Lung cancer. (2014). Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/lung-cancer/DS00038

In-Text Citation:  
(Short title of document, year)

("Lung cancer", 2014)

Note: In in-text cites, titles of books and reports are put in italics; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in "quotation marks".


Sometimes the author might be a group, rather than an individual name. That is true when the information clearly comes from an organization, company or government agency. Here's how Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) suggest you handle that situation:

Organization as an Author: If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source.

According to the American Psychological Association (2000),...

If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations.

  1. First in-text citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000);
  2. Second citation: (MADD, 2000)

In-Text Citations: Author/Authors. (n.d.).  https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html

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